public function existe(Utilizador $e)
 {
     $sql = "SELECT id, email FROM utilizador WHERE email = :email ORDER BY id LIMIT 1";
     $statement = $this->_db->prepare($sql);
     $statement->bindParam(':email', $e->email());
     $result = $statement->execute();
     $user = $statement->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
     if ($user != null) {
         return true;
     }
     return false;
 }