function spanish_metaphone($string)
{
//initialize metaphone key string
$meta_key = "";
//set maximum metaphone key size
$key_length = 6;
//set current position to the beginning
$current_pos = 0;
//get string length
$string_length = strlen($string);
//set to the end of the string
$end_of_string_pos = $string_length - 1;
$original_string = $string . " ";
//Let's replace some spanish characters easily confused
$original_string = strtr($original_string, 'áéíóúñübz', 'AEIOUNUVS');
//convert string to uppercase
$original_string = strtoupper($original_string);
// main loop
while (strlen($meta_key) < $key_length) {
//break out of the loop if greater or equal than the length
if ($current_pos >= $string_length) {
break;
}
//get character from the string
$current_char = substr($original_string, $current_pos, 1);
//if it is a vowel, and it is at the begining of the string,
//set it as part of the meta key
if (is_vowel($original_string, $current_pos) && $current_pos == 0) {
$meta_key .= $current_char;
$current_pos += 1;
} else {
if (string_at($original_string, $current_pos, 1, array('D', 'F', 'J', 'K', 'M', 'N', 'P', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'V'))) {
$meta_key .= $current_char;
//increment by two if a repeated letter is found
if (substr($original_string, $current_pos + 1, 1) == $current_char) {
$current_pos += 2;
}
//else increment only by one
$current_pos += 1;
} else {
switch ($current_char) {
case 'C':
//special case 'macho', chato,etc.
if (substr($original_string, $current_pos + 1, 1) == 'H') {
$current_pos += 2;
} else {
if (substr($original_string, $current_pos + 1, 1) == 'C') {
$meta_key .= 'X';
$current_pos += 2;
break;
} else {
if (string_at($original_string, $current_pos, 2, array('CE', 'CI'))) {
$meta_key .= 'S';
$current_pos += 2;
break;
}
}
}
// else
$meta_key .= 'K';
$current_pos += 1;
break;
case 'G':
// special case 'gente', 'ecologia',etc
if (string_at($original_string, $current_pos, 2, array('GE', 'GI'))) {
$meta_key .= 'J';
$current_pos += 2;
break;
}
// else
$meta_key .= 'G';
$current_pos += 1;
break;
//since the letter 'h' is silent in spanish,
//let's set the meta key to the vowel after the letter 'h'
//since the letter 'h' is silent in spanish,
//let's set the meta key to the vowel after the letter 'h'
case 'H':
if (is_vowel($original_string, $current_pos + 1)) {
$meta_key .= $original_string[$current_pos + 1];
$current_pos += 2;
break;
}
// else
$meta_key .= 'H';
$current_pos += 1;
break;
case 'Q':
if (substr($original_string, $current_pos + 1, 1) == 'U') {
$current_pos += 2;
} else {
$current_pos += 1;
}
$meta_key .= 'K';
break;
case 'W':
$meta_key .= 'U';
$current_pos += 2;
break;
case 'X':
//some mexican spanish words like'Xochimilco','xochitl'
if ($current_pos == 0) {
$meta_key .= 'S';
$current_pos += 2;
break;
}
$meta_key .= 'X';
$current_pos += 1;
break;
default:
$current_pos += 1;
}
// end of switch
}
}
//end else
//Commented code *** for debugging purposes only ***
/*
printf("<br>ORIGINAL STRING: '%s'\n", $original_string);
printf("<br>CURRENT POSITION: '%s'\n", $current_pos);
printf("<br>META KEY STRING: '%s'\n", $meta_key);
*/
}
// end of while loop
//trim any blank characters
$meta_key = trim($meta_key);
//return the final meta key string
return $meta_key;
}
function double_metaphone($string)
{
$primary = "";
$secondary = "";
$current = 0;
$current = 0;
$length = strlen($string);
$last = $length - 1;
$original = $string . " ";
$original = strtoupper($original);
// skip this at beginning of word
if (string_at($original, 0, 2, array('GN', 'KN', 'PN', 'WR', 'PS'))) {
$current++;
}
// Initial 'X' is pronounced 'Z' e.g. 'Xavier'
if (substr($original, 0, 1) == 'X') {
$primary .= "S";
// 'Z' maps to 'S'
$secondary .= "S";
$current++;
}
// main loop
while (strlen($primary) < 4 || strlen($secondary) < 4) {
if ($current >= $length) {
break;
}
switch (substr($original, $current, 1)) {
case 'A':
case 'E':
case 'I':
case 'O':
case 'U':
case 'Y':
if ($current == 0) {
// all init vowels now map to 'A'
$primary .= 'A';
$secondary .= 'A';
}
$current += 1;
break;
case 'B':
// '-mb', e.g. "dumb", already skipped over ...
$primary .= 'P';
$secondary .= 'P';
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'B') {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
break;
case 'Ç':
$primary .= 'S';
$secondary .= 'S';
$current += 1;
break;
case 'C':
// various gremanic
if ($current > 1 && !is_vowel($original, $current - 2) && string_at($original, $current - 1, 3, array("ACH")) && (substr($original, $current + 2, 1) != 'I' && (substr($original, $current + 2, 1) != 'E' || string_at($original, $current - 2, 6, array("BACHER", "MACHER"))))) {
$primary .= 'K';
$secondary .= 'K';
$current += 2;
break;
}
// special case 'caesar'
if ($current == 0 && string_at($original, $current, 6, array("CAESAR"))) {
$primary .= 'S';
$secondary .= 'S';
$current += 2;
break;
}
// italian 'chianti'
if (string_at($original, $current, 4, array("CHIA"))) {
$primary .= 'K';
$secondary .= 'K';
$current += 2;
break;
}
if (string_at($original, $current, 2, array("CH"))) {
// find 'michael'
if ($current > 0 && string_at($original, $current, 4, array("CHAE"))) {
$primary .= 'K';
$secondary .= 'X';
$current += 2;
break;
}
// greek roots e.g. 'chemistry', 'chorus'
if ($current == 0 && (string_at($original, $current + 1, 5, array("HARAC", "HARIS")) || string_at($original, $current + 1, 3, array("HOR", "HYM", "HIA", "HEM"))) && !string_at($original, 0, 5, array("CHORE"))) {
$primary .= 'K';
$secondary .= 'K';
$current += 2;
break;
}
// germanic, greek, or otherwise 'ch' for 'kh' sound
if (string_at($original, 0, 4, array("VAN ", "VON ")) || string_at($original, 0, 3, array("SCH")) || string_at($original, $current - 2, 6, array("ORCHES", "ARCHIT", "ORCHID")) || string_at($original, $current + 2, 1, array("T", "S")) || (string_at($original, $current - 1, 1, array("A", "O", "U", "E")) || $current == 0) && string_at($original, $current + 2, 1, array("L", "R", "N", "M", "B", "H", "F", "V", "W", " "))) {
$primary .= 'K';
$secondary .= 'K';
} else {
if ($current > 0) {
if (string_at($original, 0, 2, array("MC"))) {
// e.g. 'McHugh'
$primary .= 'K';
$secondary .= 'K';
} else {
$primary .= 'X';
$secondary .= 'K';
}
} else {
$primary .= 'X';
$secondary .= 'X';
}
}
$current += 2;
break;
}
// e.g. 'czerny'
if (string_at($original, $current, 2, array("CZ")) && !string_at($original, $current - 2, 4, array("WICZ"))) {
$primary .= 'S';
$secondary .= 'X';
$current += 2;
break;
}
// e.g. 'focaccia'
if (string_at($original, $current + 1, 3, array("CIA"))) {
$primary .= 'X';
$secondary .= 'X';
$current += 3;
break;
}
// double 'C', but not McClellan'
if (string_at($original, $current, 2, array("CC")) && !($current == 1 && substr($original, 0, 1) == 'M')) {
// 'bellocchio' but not 'bacchus'
if (string_at($original, $current + 2, 1, array("I", "E", "H")) && !string_at($original, $current + 2, 2, array("HU"))) {
// 'accident', 'accede', 'succeed'
if ($current == 1 && substr($original, $current - 1, 1) == 'A' || string_at($original, $current - 1, 5, array("UCCEE", "UCCES"))) {
$primary .= "KS";
$secondary .= "KS";
// 'bacci', 'bertucci', other italian
} else {
$primary .= "X";
$secondary .= "X";
}
$current += 3;
break;
} else {
// Pierce's rule
$primary .= "K";
$secondary .= "K";
$current += 2;
break;
}
}
if (string_at($original, $current, 2, array("CK", "CG", "CQ"))) {
$primary .= "K";
$secondary .= "K";
$current += 2;
break;
}
if (string_at($original, $current, 2, array("CI", "CE", "CY"))) {
// italian vs. english
if (string_at($original, $current, 3, array("CIO", "CIE", "CIA"))) {
$primary .= "S";
$secondary .= "X";
} else {
$primary .= "S";
$secondary .= "S";
}
$current += 2;
break;
}
// else
$primary .= "K";
$secondary .= "K";
// name sent in 'mac caffrey', 'mac gregor'
if (string_at($original, $current + 1, 2, array(" C", " Q", " G"))) {
$current += 3;
} else {
if (string_at($original, $current + 1, 1, array("C", "K", "Q")) && !string_at($original, $current + 1, 2, array("CE", "CI"))) {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
}
break;
case 'D':
if (string_at($original, $current, 2, array("DG"))) {
if (string_at($original, $current + 2, 1, array("I", "E", "Y"))) {
// e.g. 'edge'
$primary .= "J";
$secondary .= "J";
$current += 3;
break;
} else {
// e.g. 'edgar'
$primary .= "TK";
$secondary .= "TK";
$current += 2;
break;
}
}
if (string_at($original, $current, 2, array("DT", "DD"))) {
$primary .= "T";
$secondary .= "T";
$current += 2;
break;
}
// else
$primary .= "T";
$secondary .= "T";
$current += 1;
break;
case 'F':
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'F') {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
$primary .= "F";
$secondary .= "F";
break;
case 'G':
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'H') {
if ($current > 0 && !is_vowel($original, $current - 1)) {
$primary .= "K";
$secondary .= "K";
$current += 2;
break;
}
if ($current < 3) {
// 'ghislane', 'ghiradelli'
if ($current == 0) {
if (substr($original, $current + 2, 1) == 'I') {
$primary .= "J";
$secondary .= "J";
} else {
$primary .= "K";
$secondary .= "K";
}
$current += 2;
break;
}
}
// Parker's rule (with some further refinements) - e.g. 'hugh'
if ($current > 1 && string_at($original, $current - 2, 1, array("B", "H", "D")) || $current > 2 && string_at($original, $current - 3, 1, array("B", "H", "D")) || $current > 3 && string_at($original, $current - 4, 1, array("B", "H"))) {
$current += 2;
break;
} else {
// e.g. 'laugh', 'McLaughlin', 'cough', 'gough', 'rough', 'tough'
if ($current > 2 && substr($original, $current - 1, 1) == 'U' && string_at($original, $current - 3, 1, array("C", "G", "L", "R", "T"))) {
$primary .= "F";
$secondary .= "F";
} elseif ($current > 0 && substr($original, $current - 1, 1) != 'I') {
$primary .= "K";
$secondary .= "K";
}
$current += 2;
break;
}
}
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'N') {
if ($current == 1 && is_vowel($original, 0) && !Slavo_Germanic($original)) {
$primary .= "KN";
$secondary .= "N";
} else {
// not e.g. 'cagney'
if (!string_at($original, $current + 2, 2, array("EY")) && substr($original, $current + 1) != "Y" && !Slavo_Germanic($original)) {
$primary .= "N";
$secondary .= "KN";
} else {
$primary .= "KN";
$secondary .= "KN";
}
}
$current += 2;
break;
}
// 'tagliaro'
if (string_at($original, $current + 1, 2, array("LI")) && !Slavo_Germanic($original)) {
$primary .= "KL";
$secondary .= "L";
$current += 2;
break;
}
// -ges-, -gep-, -gel- at beginning
if ($current == 0 && (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'Y' || string_at($original, $current + 1, 2, array("ES", "EP", "EB", "EL", "EY", "IB", "IL", "IN", "IE", "EI", "ER")))) {
$primary .= "K";
$secondary .= "J";
$current += 2;
break;
}
// -ger-, -gy-
if ((string_at($original, $current + 1, 2, array("ER")) || substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'Y') && !string_at($original, 0, 6, array("DANGER", "RANGER", "MANGER")) && !string_at($original, $current - 1, 1, array("E", "I")) && !string_at($original, $current - 1, 3, array("RGY", "OGY"))) {
$primary .= "K";
$secondary .= "J";
$current += 2;
break;
}
// italian e.g. 'biaggi'
if (string_at($original, $current + 1, 1, array("E", "I", "Y")) || string_at($original, $current - 1, 4, array("AGGI", "OGGI"))) {
// obvious germanic
if (string_at($original, 0, 4, array("VAN ", "VON ")) || string_at($original, 0, 3, array("SCH")) || string_at($original, $current + 1, 2, array("ET"))) {
$primary .= "K";
$secondary .= "K";
} else {
// always soft if french ending
if (string_at($original, $current + 1, 4, array("IER "))) {
$primary .= "J";
$secondary .= "J";
} else {
$primary .= "J";
$secondary .= "K";
}
}
$current += 2;
break;
}
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'G') {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
$primary .= 'K';
$secondary .= 'K';
break;
case 'H':
// only keep if first & before vowel or btw. 2 vowels
if (($current == 0 || is_vowel($original, $current - 1)) && is_vowel($original, $current + 1)) {
$primary .= 'H';
$secondary .= 'H';
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
break;
case 'J':
// obvious spanish, 'jose', 'san jacinto'
if (string_at($original, $current, 4, array("JOSE")) || string_at($original, 0, 4, array("SAN "))) {
if ($current == 0 && substr($original, $current + 4, 1) == ' ' || string_at($original, 0, 4, array("SAN "))) {
$primary .= 'H';
$secondary .= 'H';
} else {
$primary .= "J";
$secondary .= 'H';
}
$current += 1;
break;
}
if ($current == 0 && !string_at($original, $current, 4, array("JOSE"))) {
$primary .= 'J';
// Yankelovich/Jankelowicz
$secondary .= 'A';
} else {
// spanish pron. of .e.g. 'bajador'
if (is_vowel($original, $current - 1) && !Slavo_Germanic($original) && (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'A' || substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'O')) {
$primary .= "J";
$secondary .= "H";
} else {
if ($current == $last) {
$primary .= "J";
$secondary .= "";
} else {
if (!string_at($original, $current + 1, 1, array("L", "T", "K", "S", "N", "M", "B", "Z")) && !string_at($original, $current - 1, 1, array("S", "K", "L"))) {
$primary .= "J";
$secondary .= "J";
}
}
}
}
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'J') {
// it could happen
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
break;
case 'K':
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'K') {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
$primary .= "K";
$secondary .= "K";
break;
case 'L':
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'L') {
// spanish e.g. 'cabrillo', 'gallegos'
if ($current == $length - 3 && string_at($original, $current - 1, 4, array("ILLO", "ILLA", "ALLE")) || (string_at($original, $last - 1, 2, array("AS", "OS")) || string_at($original, $last, 1, array("A", "O"))) && string_at($original, $current - 1, 4, array("ALLE"))) {
$primary .= "L";
$secondary .= "";
$current += 2;
break;
}
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
$primary .= "L";
$secondary .= "L";
break;
case 'M':
if (string_at($original, $current - 1, 3, array("UMB")) && ($current + 1 == $last || string_at($original, $current + 2, 2, array("ER"))) || substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'M') {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
$primary .= "M";
$secondary .= "M";
break;
case 'N':
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'N') {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
$primary .= "N";
$secondary .= "N";
break;
case 'Ñ':
$current += 1;
$primary .= "N";
$secondary .= "N";
break;
case 'P':
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'H') {
$current += 2;
$primary .= "F";
$secondary .= "F";
break;
}
// also account for "campbell" and "raspberry"
if (string_at($original, $current + 1, 1, array("P", "B"))) {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
$primary .= "P";
$secondary .= "P";
break;
case 'Q':
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'Q') {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
$primary .= "K";
$secondary .= "K";
break;
case 'R':
// french e.g. 'rogier', but exclude 'hochmeier'
if ($current == $last && !Slavo_Germanic($original) && string_at($original, $current - 2, 2, array("IE")) && !string_at($original, $current - 4, 2, array("ME", "MA"))) {
$primary .= "";
$secondary .= "R";
} else {
$primary .= "R";
$secondary .= "R";
}
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'R') {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
break;
case 'S':
// special cases 'island', 'isle', 'carlisle', 'carlysle'
if (string_at($original, $current - 1, 3, array("ISL", "YSL"))) {
$current += 1;
break;
}
// special case 'sugar-'
if ($current == 0 && string_at($original, $current, 5, array("SUGAR"))) {
$primary .= "X";
$secondary .= "S";
$current += 1;
break;
}
if (string_at($original, $current, 2, array("SH"))) {
// germanic
if (string_at($original, $current + 1, 4, array("HEIM", "HOEK", "HOLM", "HOLZ"))) {
$primary .= "S";
$secondary .= "S";
} else {
$primary .= "X";
$secondary .= "X";
}
$current += 2;
break;
}
// italian & armenian
if (string_at($original, $current, 3, array("SIO", "SIA")) || string_at($original, $current, 4, array("SIAN"))) {
if (!Slavo_Germanic($original)) {
$primary .= "S";
$secondary .= "X";
} else {
$primary .= "S";
$secondary .= "S";
}
$current += 3;
break;
}
// german & anglicisations, e.g. 'smith' match 'schmidt', 'snider' match 'schneider'
// also, -sz- in slavic language altho in hungarian it is pronounced 's'
if ($current == 0 && string_at($original, $current + 1, 1, array("M", "N", "L", "W")) || string_at($original, $current + 1, 1, array("Z"))) {
$primary .= "S";
$secondary .= "X";
if (string_at($original, $current + 1, 1, array("Z"))) {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
break;
}
if (string_at($original, $current, 2, array("SC"))) {
// Schlesinger's rule
if (substr($original, $current + 2, 1) == 'H') {
// dutch origin, e.g. 'school', 'schooner'
if (string_at($original, $current + 3, 2, array("OO", "ER", "EN", "UY", "ED", "EM"))) {
// 'schermerhorn', 'schenker'
if (string_at($original, $current + 3, 2, array("ER", "EN"))) {
$primary .= "X";
$secondary .= "SK";
} else {
$primary .= "SK";
$secondary .= "SK";
}
$current += 3;
break;
} else {
if ($current == 0 && !is_vowel($original, 3) && substr($original, $current + 3, 1) != 'W') {
$primary .= "X";
$secondary .= "S";
} else {
$primary .= "X";
$secondary .= "X";
}
$current += 3;
break;
}
}
if (string_at($original, $current + 2, 1, array("I", "E", "Y"))) {
$primary .= "S";
$secondary .= "S";
$current += 3;
break;
}
// else
$primary .= "SK";
$secondary .= "SK";
$current += 3;
break;
}
// french e.g. 'resnais', 'artois'
if ($current == $last && string_at($original, $current - 2, 2, array("AI", "OI"))) {
$primary .= "";
$secondary .= "S";
} else {
$primary .= "S";
$secondary .= "S";
}
if (string_at($original, $current + 1, 1, array("S", "Z"))) {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
break;
case 'T':
if (string_at($original, $current, 4, array("TION"))) {
$primary .= "X";
$secondary .= "X";
$current += 3;
break;
}
if (string_at($original, $current, 3, array("TIA", "TCH"))) {
$primary .= "X";
$secondary .= "X";
$current += 3;
break;
}
if (string_at($original, $current, 2, array("TH")) || string_at($original, $current, 3, array("TTH"))) {
// special case 'thomas', 'thames' or germanic
if (string_at($original, $current + 2, 2, array("OM", "AM")) || string_at($original, 0, 4, array("VAN ", "VON ")) || string_at($original, 0, 3, array("SCH"))) {
$primary .= "T";
$secondary .= "T";
} else {
$primary .= "0";
$secondary .= "T";
}
$current += 2;
break;
}
if (string_at($original, $current + 1, 1, array("T", "D"))) {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
$primary .= "T";
$secondary .= "T";
break;
case 'V':
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'V') {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
$primary .= "F";
$secondary .= "F";
break;
case 'W':
// can also be in middle of word
if (string_at($original, $current, 2, array("WR"))) {
$primary .= "R";
$secondary .= "R";
$current += 2;
break;
}
if ($current == 0 && (is_vowel($original, $current + 1) || string_at($original, $current, 2, array("WH")))) {
// Wasserman should match Vasserman
if (is_vowel($original, $current + 1)) {
$primary .= "A";
$secondary .= "F";
} else {
// need Uomo to match Womo
$primary .= "A";
$secondary .= "A";
}
}
// Arnow should match Arnoff
if ($current == $last && is_vowel($original, $current - 1) || string_at($original, $current - 1, 5, array("EWSKI", "EWSKY", "OWSKI", "OWSKY")) || string_at($original, 0, 3, array("SCH"))) {
$primary .= "";
$secondary .= "F";
$current += 1;
break;
}
// polish e.g. 'filipowicz'
if (string_at($original, $current, 4, array("WICZ", "WITZ"))) {
$primary .= "TS";
$secondary .= "FX";
$current += 4;
break;
}
// else skip it
$current += 1;
break;
case 'X':
// french e.g. breaux
if (!($current == $last && (string_at($original, $current - 3, 3, array("IAU", "EAU")) || string_at($original, $current - 2, 2, array("AU", "OU"))))) {
$primary .= "KS";
$secondary .= "KS";
}
if (string_at($original, $current + 1, 1, array("C", "X"))) {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
break;
case 'Z':
// chinese pinyin e.g. 'zhao'
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == "H") {
$primary .= "J";
$secondary .= "J";
$current += 2;
break;
} elseif (string_at($original, $current + 1, 2, array("ZO", "ZI", "ZA")) || Slavo_Germanic($original) && ($current > 0 && substr($original, $current - 1, 1) != 'T')) {
$primary .= "S";
$secondary .= "TS";
} else {
$primary .= "S";
$secondary .= "S";
}
if (substr($original, $current + 1, 1) == 'Z') {
$current += 2;
} else {
$current += 1;
}
break;
default:
$current += 1;
}
// end switch
// printf("<br>ORIGINAL: '%s'\n", $original);
// printf("<br>current: '%s'\n", $current);
// printf("<br> PRIMARY: '%s'\n", $primary);
// printf("<br> SECONDARY: '%s'\n", $secondary);
}
// end while
$primary = substr($primary, 0, 4);
$secondary = substr($secondary, 0, 4);
if ($primary == $secondary) {
$secondary = NULL;
}
$result["primary"] = $primary;
$result["secondary"] = $secondary;
return $result;
}
