class Leaf extends Component { public function add(Component $c) { print "Cannot add to a leaf"; } public function remove(Component $c) { print "Cannot remove from a leaf"; } public function display() { print_r($this->name); } } // Create a tree structure $root = new Composite("root"); $root->add(new Leaf("Leaf A")); $root->add(new Leaf("Leaf B")); $comp = new Composite("Composite X"); $comp->add(new Leaf("Leaf XA")); $comp->add(new Leaf("Leaf XB")); $root->add($comp); $root->add(new Leaf("Leaf C")); // Add and remove a leaf $leaf = new Leaf("Leaf D"); $root->add($leaf); $root->remove($leaf); // Recursively display tree $root->display();