/**
  * Transforms a given XML string using the registered
  * PHP callbacks for overloaded tags.
  *
  * @param  string
  * @return string
  * @access public
  */
 function transform($xml)
 {
     // Do not process input when it contains no XML elements.
     if (strpos($xml, '<') === FALSE) {
         return $xml;
     }
     // Replace all occurrences of the '&' character that are not directly
     // followed by 'amp;' with the '&amp;' entity.
     $xml = preg_replace('/&(?!amp;)/i', '&amp;', $xml);
     // Create XML parser, set parser options.
     $parser = xml_parser_create();
     xml_set_object($parser, $this);
     xml_parser_set_option($parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, $this->_caseFolding);
     // Register SAX callbacks.
     xml_set_element_handler($parser, '_startElement', '_endElement');
     xml_set_character_data_handler($parser, '_characterData');
     xml_set_default_handler($parser, '_characterData');
     // Parse input.
     if (!xml_parse($parser, $xml, TRUE)) {
         $line = xml_get_current_line_number($parser);
         $errorMessage = sprintf("Transformer: XML Error: %s at line %d:%d\n", xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($parser)), $line, xml_get_current_column_number($parser));
         $exml = preg_split('/\\n/', $xml);
         $start = $line - 3 > 0 ? $line - 3 : 0;
         $end = $line + 3 < sizeof($exml) ? $line + 3 : sizeof($exml);
         for ($i = $start; $i < $end; $i++) {
             $errorMessage .= sprintf("line %d: %s\n", $i + 1, $exml[$i]);
         }
         $this->sendMessage($errorMessage . "\n" . $this->stackdump(), $this->_logTarget);
         return '';
     }
     $result = $this->_cdataStack[0];
     // Clean up.
     xml_parser_free($parser);
     $this->_attributesStack = array();
     $this->_cdataStack = array('');
     $this->_elementStack = array();
     $this->_level = 0;
     $this->_lastProcessed = '';
     // Perform second transformation pass, if required.
     $secondPassRequired = $this->_secondPassRequired;
     if ($secondPassRequired) {
         $this->_depth++;
         $this->_secondPassRequired = FALSE;
         $result = $this->transform($result);
         $this->_depth--;
     }
     if ($this->_collapseEmptyTags && $this->_depth == 0) {
         $result = XML_Util::collapseEmptyTags($result, $this->_collapseEmptyTagsMode);
     }
     $this->_secondPassRequired = $secondPassRequired;
     // Return result of the transformation.
     return $result;
 }