/**
  * Handle retrieval of users' data
  *
  * @param $sql SQL query statement
  * @return array|string All users' data
  */
 private function retrieveData($sql)
 {
     $dbConn = new DbConn();
     try {
         $query = $dbConn->prepare($sql);
         $query->execute();
     } catch (\PDOException $e) {
         return $e->getMessage();
     } finally {
         $dbConn = null;
     }
     $data = $query->fetchAll(DbConn::FETCH_ASSOC);
     if (isset($data[0]['date_joined'])) {
         foreach ($data as &$d) {
             $this->setTimeZone();
             $d['date_joined'] = date("Y-m-d H:i:s", $d['date_joined']);
             $d['last_login'] = date("Y-m-d H:i:s", $d['last_login']);
         }
     }
     if (isset($data[0]['course_id'])) {
         foreach ($data as &$d) {
             $d['course_id'] = $this->formatCourseId($d['course_id']);
         }
     }
     if (isset($data[0]['modified_date'])) {
         foreach ($data as &$d) {
             $this->setTimeZone();
             $d['modified_date'] = date("Y-m-d H:i:s", $d['modified_date']);
         }
     }
     return $data;
 }