/**
  * @param string $hallName
  * @return bool
  */
 private function hallNameExists(string $hallName) : bool
 {
     $query = "SELECT id FROM halls WHERE name = ?";
     $result = $this->db->prepare($query);
     $result->execute([$hallName]);
     return $result->rowCount() > 0;
 }
 /**
  * @param int $id
  * @throws ApplicationException
  */
 public function getById(int $id)
 {
     $query = "SELECT\n          u.id,\n          u.username,\n          u.fullname\n        FROM users AS u\n        WHERE u.id = ?";
     $result = $this->db->prepare($query);
     $result->execute([$id]);
     if ($result->rowCount() < 1) {
         throw new ApplicationException("User not found.");
     }
     return $result->fetch();
 }
 /**
  * @param string $conferenceTitle
  * @return bool
  */
 private function conferenceTitleExists(string $conferenceTitle, int $id = -1) : bool
 {
     $query = "SELECT id FROM conferences WHERE title = ? AND id != ?";
     $result = $this->db->prepare($query);
     $result->execute([$conferenceTitle, $id]);
     return $result->rowCount() > 0;
 }