cd <MagentoDocRoot>

# Get phpunit
wget http://pear.phpunit.de/get/phpunit.phar
chmod +x phpunit.phar

# Run tests
./phpunit.phar tests/Aoe_Queue/QueueTestcase.php

$queue = Mage::getModel('aoe_queue/queue'); /* @var $queue Aoe_Queue_Model_Queue */
$queue->addTask('aoe_queue/dummy::test', array('-+', '5'));

$queue = Mage::getModel('aoe_queue/queue'); /* @var $queue Aoe_Queue_Model_Queue */
$messages = $queue->receive(5); /* @var $messages Zend_Queue_Message_Iterator */
foreach ($messages as $message) { /* @var $message Aoe_Queue_Model_Message */
    $message->execute();
}

In System > Configuration > Advanced > System > Queue

Use Aoe_Scheduler to run a separate cronjob to process the aoe_queue task so this won't block the other tasks.