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help.IPA.php
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help.IPA.php
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<?
include('header.php');
echo('<h1>International Phonetic Alphabet Help</h1>
<div id="info">
You've come to this page because you want some help in using the international phonetic alphabet, perhaps to spell your nation's name phonetically so people will know how to pronounce it or perhaps to learn to pronounce another nation's name.</div>
<h2>Consonants</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td><b>IPA</b></td>
<td><b>Speech</b></td>
<td><b>Examples</b></td>
<td><b>HTML code</b></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>b</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-buy cab b.mp3').'</td><td><b>b</b>uy, ca<b>b</b></td> <td>&#98;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>d</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-die cad d.mp3').'</td><td><b>d</b>ie, ca<b>d</b></td> <td>&#100;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ð</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-thy breathe father th.mp3').'</td><td><b>th</b>y, brea<b>the</b>, fa<b>th</b>er</td> <td>&#240;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>dʒ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-giant badge jam J.mp3').'</td><td><b>g</b>iant, ba<b>dge</b>, <b>j</b>am</td> <td>&#100;&#658;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>f</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-phi caff fffff.mp3').'</td><td><b>ph</b>i, ca<b>ff</b></td><td>&#102;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɡ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-guy bag g.mp3').'</td><td><b>g</b>uy, ba<b>g</b></td><td>&#609;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>h</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-high ahead huh.mp3').'</td><td><b>h</b>igh, a<b>h</b>ead</td><td>&#104;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>j</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-yes yacht yuh.mp3').'</td><td><b>y</b>es, <b>y</b>acht</td><td>&#106;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>k</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-chi sky crack k.mp3').'</td><td><b>ch</b>i, s<b>k</b>y, <b>c</b>ra<b>ck</b></td><td>&#107;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>l</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-lie sly gal luh.mp3').'</td><td><b>l</b>ie, s<b>l</b>y, ga<b>l</b></td><td>&#108;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>m</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-my smile cam muh.mp3').'</td><td><b>m</b>y, s<b>m</b>ile, ca<b>m</b></td><td>&#109;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>n</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-nigh snide can nnn.mp3').'</td><td><b>n</b>igh, s<b>n</b>ide, ca<b>n</b></td><td>&#110;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ŋ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-sang sink singer nggg.mp3').'</td><td>sa<b>ng</b>, si<b>n</b>k, si<b>ng</b>er</td><td>&#331;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ŋɡ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-finger anger ngg.mp3').'</td><td>fi<b>ng</b>er, a<b>ng</b>er</td><td>&#331;&#609;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>θ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-thigh math thhh.mp3').'</td><td><b>th</b>igh, ma<b>th</b></td><td>&#952;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>p</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-pie spy cap puh.mp3').'</td><td><b>p</b>ie, s<b>p</b>y, ca<b>p</b></td><td>&#112;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>r</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-rye try very ruh.mp3').'</td><td><b>r</b>ye, t<b>r</b>y, ve<b>r</b>y</td><td>&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>s</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-sigh mass sss.mp3').'</td><td><b>s</b>igh, ma<b>ss</b></td><td>&#115;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ʃ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-shy cash emotion shh.mp3').'</td><td><b>sh</b>y, ca<b>sh</b>, emo<b>ti</b>on</td><td>&#643;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>t</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-tie sty cat tt.mp3').'</td><td><b>t</b>ie, s<b>t</b>y, ca<b>t</b></td><td>&#116;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>tʃ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-china catch chh.mp3').'</td><td><b>Ch</b>ina, ca<b>tch</b></td><td>&#116;&#643;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>v</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-vie have vuh.mp3').'</td><td><b>v</b>ie, ha<b>ve</b></td><td>&#118;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>w</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-wye swine wuh.mp3').'</td><td><b>w</b>ye, s<b>w</b>ine</td><td>&#119;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>hw</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-why whh.mp3').'</td><td><b>wh</b>y</td><td>&#104;&#119;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>z</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-xi zoo has zuh.mp3').'</td><td><b>x</b>i, <b>z</b>oo, ha<b>s</b></td><td>&#122;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ʒ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-pleasure, vision, beige juh.mp3').'</td><td>plea<b>s</b>ure, vi<b>si</b>on, bei<b>g</b>e</td><td>&#658;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><b>Marginal consonants</b></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>x</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-ugh loch chanukah chh.mp3').'</td><td>u<b>gh</b>, lo<b>ch</b>, <b>Ch</b>anukah</td><td>&#120;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ʔ</td><td>-</td><td>uh-oh /ˈʌʔoʊ/</td><td>&#660;</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br /><br /><br />
<h2>Vowels</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td><b>IPA</b></td>
<td><b>Speech</b></td>
<td><b>Examples</b></td>
<td><b>HTML code</b></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɑː</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-balm baht father bra ah.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>a</b>lm, b<b>ah</b>t, f<b>a</b>ther, br<b>a</b></td><td>&#593;&#720;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɒ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-bot pod john doll oh.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>o</b>t, p<b>o</b>d, J<b>oh</b>n, d<b>o</b>ll</td><td>&#594;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>æ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-bat pad shall ban ah.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>a</b>t, p<b>a</b>d, sh<b>a</b>ll, b<b>a</b>n</td><td>&#230;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>aɪ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-bite ride file fine pie I.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>i</b>te, r<b>i</b>de, f<b>i</b>le, f<b>i</b>ne, p<b>ie</b></td><td>&#97;&#618;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>aʊ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-bout loud foul down how ow.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>ou</b>t, l<b>ou</b>d, f<b>ou</b>l, d<b>ow</b>n, h<b>ow</b></td><td>&#97;&#650;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɛ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-bet bed fell men eh.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>e</b>t, b<b>e</b>d, f<b>e</b>ll, m<b>e</b>n</td><td>&#603;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>eɪ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-bait made fail vein pay ay.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>ai</b>t, m<b>a</b>de, f<b>ai</b>l, v<b>ei</b>n, p<b>ay</b></td><td>&#101;&#618;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɪ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-bit lid fill bin ih.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>i</b>t, l<b>i</b>d, f<b>i</b>ll, b<b>i</b>n</td><td>&#618;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>iː</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-beat seed feel mean sea ee.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>ea</b>t, s<b>ee</b>d, f<b>ee</b>l, m<b>ea</b>n, s<b>ea</b></td><td>&#105;&#720;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɔː</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-bought maud down fall straw or.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>ough</b>t, M<b>au</b>d, d<b>aw</b>n, f<b>a</b>ll, str<b>aw</b></td><td>&#596;&#720;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɔɪ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-exploit void foil coin boy oy.mp3').'</td><td>expl<b>oi</b>t, v<b>oi</b>d, f<b>oi</b>l, c<b>oi</b>n, b<b>oy</b></td><td>&#596;&#618;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>oʊ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-boat code foal bone go o.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>oa</b>t, c<b>o</b>de, f<b>oa</b>l, b<b>o</b>ne, g<b>o</b></td><td>&#111;&#650;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ʊ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-foot good full woman uh.mp3').'</td><td>f<b>oo</b>t, g<b>oo</b>d, f<b>u</b>ll, w<b>o</b>man</td><td>&#650;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>uː</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-boot food fool soon chew ooh.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>oo</b>t, f<b>oo</b>d, f<b>oo</b>l, s<b>oo</b>n, ch<b>ew</b></td><td>&#117;&#720;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>juː</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-cued cute mule tune queue.mp3').'</td><td>c<b>ue</b>d, c<b>u</b>te, m<b>u</b>le, t<b>u</b>ne, qu<b>eue</b></td><td>&#106;&#117;&#720;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ʌ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-butt mud dull gun uh.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>u</b>tt, m<b>u</b>d, d<b>u</b>ll, g<b>u</b>n</td><td>&#652;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><b>R-colored vowels</b></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɑr</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-bard part barn snarl star ar.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>ar</b>d, p<b>ar</b>t, b<b>ar</b>n, sn<b>ar</b>l, st<b>ar</b> (also /ɑːr./)</td><td>&#593;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɒr</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-moral forage oh.mp3').'</td><td>m<b>or</b>al, f<b>or</b>age</td><td>&#594;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ær</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-barrow marry uh.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>arr</b>ow, m<b>arr</b>y</td><td>&#230;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>aɪər</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-fire ir.mp3').'</td><td>f<b>ire</b></td><td>&#97;&#618;&#601;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>aʊər</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-hour our.mp3').'</td><td>h<b>our</b></td><td>&#97;&#650;&#601;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɛr</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-error merry eugh.mp3').'</td><td><b>err</b>or, m<b>err</b>y</td><td>&#603;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɛər</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-scared scarce carin there mary air.mp3').'</td><td>sc<b>are</b>d, sc<b>ar</b>ce, c<b>air</b>n, th<b>ere</b>, M<b>ar</b>y (/eɪr./)</td><td>&#603;&#601;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɪr</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-mirror sirius iuh.mp3').'</td><td>m<b>irr</b>or, S<b>ir</b>ius</td><td>&#618;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɪər</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-beard fierce nearer serious ere.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>ear</b>d, f<b>ier</b>ce, n<b>ear</b>er, s<b>er</b>ious (/iːr./)</td><td>&#618;&#601;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɔr</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-born for aural or.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>or</b>n, f<b>or</b>, <b>aur</b>al (/ɔːr./)</td><td>&#596;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɔɪər</td><td>-</td><td>l<b>oir</b></td><td>&#596;&#618;&#601;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɔər</td><td>-</td><td>b<b>oar</b>, f<b>our</b>, m<b>ore</b>, <b>or</b>al (/oʊr./)</td><td>&#596;&#601;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ʊr</td><td>-</td><td>c<b>our</b>ier</td><td>&#650;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ʊər</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-boor moor tourist or.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>oor</b>, m<b>oor</b>, t<b>our</b>ist (/uːr./)</td><td>&#650;&#601&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>jʊər</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-cure err.mp3').'</td><td>c<b>ure</b></td><td>&#106;&#650;&#601;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ʌr</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-borough hurry, ugh.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>or</b>ough, h<b>urr</b>y</td><td>&#652;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɜr</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-bird hurt curl burn furry errh.mp3').'</td><td>b<b>ir</b>d, h<b>ur</b>t, c<b>ur</b>l, b<b>ur</b>n, f<b>urr</b>y (/ɝː/)</td><td>&#604;&#114</td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><b>Reduced vowels</b></td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ə</td><td>-</td><td>Ros<b>a</b>’s, <b>a</b> mission</td><td>&#601;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɪ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-roses emission is eh.mp3').'</td><td>ros<b>e</b>s, <b>e</b>mission, <b>i</b>s </td><td>&#618;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ɵ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-kilogram ommission eugh.mp3').'</td><td>kil<b>o</b>gram, <b>o</b>mission</td><td>&#629;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ʊ</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-beautiful curriculum eugh.mp3').'</td><td>beautif<b>u</b>l, curric<b>u</b>lum ([jʊ])</td><td>&#650;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>i</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-happy serious eee.mp3').'</td><td>happ<b>y</b>, ser<b>i</b>ous</td><td>&#105;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ər</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-perform mercer eugh.mp3').'</td><td>p<b>er</b>form, merc<b>er</b> (also /ɚ/)</td><td>&#601;&#114;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ən</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-button un.mp3').'</td><td>butt<b>on</b></td><td>&#601;&#110;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>əm</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-rhythm um.mp3').'</td><td>rhyth<b>m</b></td><td>&#601;&#109;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>əl</td><td>'.function_play('pronounce/IPA-bottle ul.mp3').'</td><td>bott<b>le</b></td><td>&#601;&#108;</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br /><br /><br />
<h2>Stress</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>IPA</td>
<td>Examples</td>
<td>HTML</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ˈ</td><td rowspan="2"><b>in</b>to<b>na</b>tion /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/,<br />
<b>bat</b>tleship /ˈbætəlʃɪp/</td><td>&#712;</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ˌ</td><td>&#716;</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br /><br /><br />
<h2>Syllabification</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>IPA</td>
<td>Examples</td>
<td>HTML</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>.</td><td>shellfish /ˈʃel.fɪʃ/, selfish /ˈself.ɨʃ/<br />
nitrate /ˈnaɪ.treɪt/, night-rate /ˈnaɪt.reɪt/<br />
hire /ˈhaɪər/, higher /ˈhaɪ.ər/<br />
moai /ˈmoʊ.aɪ/</td><td>&#46;</td>
</tr>
</table>');
include('footer.php');
?>