This Qualtrics LTI Bridge tool was developed by Rens Poesse at the University of Amsterdam. For questions, please contact Alexander Savi.

The project has been based on qualtrics_lti_bridge by Simon Wiles at Stanford University, which is accessible at the link tiny.cc/qualtricslti.

The tool currently follows the LTI 1.1 standard; this is documented as the LTI specification Coursera supports. For the same reason OAuth 1.0a is used, in Andy Smith's implementation.

The main goal for developing this tool was to build a way by which Qualtrics surveys can be included in a Coursera course for the purpose of A/B testing (i.e., test following different paths). However, the tool has more general LTI use cases as can be read here:

• Coursera documentation for using LTI
• General information about LTI

Another important goal of this project is to provide clear documentation and code comments to ensure usefulness of the tool for anyone interested in using Qualtrics with other platforms in educational scenarios.

This section provides a short guide on how to get started using the Qualtrics LTI Bridge tool.

First, a quick introduction on the mechanisms at work. Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI) can be seen as an interface contract for different learning tools to communicate. This means that LTI is not a piece of software but a protocol definition that states how learning tools should interact.

In our example use case those learning tools are Coursera and Qualtrics. Qualtrics has extensive support for A/B testing, whereas Coursera's A/B testing functionality is quite limited. So we want to integrate Qualtrics with Coursera. Contrarily however, Coursera supports LTI integration but Qualtrics does not (yet). This is where the current project comes in. In LTI terms, our situation is as follows:

• Tool Consumer: Coursera (but can be anything that supports LTI)
• Tool Provider: Qualtrics LTI Bridge tool (this project) as a wrapper around Qualtrics

When the Tool Consumer wants to make an LTI defined request to Qualtrics, it needs to address this tool that in turn addresses Qualtrics. The tool therefore needs to be accessible to the Tool Consumer, which means that it should run at a publicly accessible endpoint (e.g., youruniversity.com/qualtrics-lti-bridge/tool).

So, to get started the following steps are required:

• Download a copy of all files in the /tool folder. The tool is written in PHP and therefore should be hosted on a server that supports PHP execution (see dependencies below). /tool/public/index.php is the default entry point for the tool and I recommend that you configure your server to automatically serve this file as the tool endpoint is requested (i.e., youruniversity.com/qualtrics-lti-bridge/tool should point to youruniversity.com/qualtrics-lti-bridge/tool/public/index.php).
• Edit /tool/Config.php to suit your needs. This is your personal configuration and it should not be made public!
• Once the tool has been set up correctly, a target questionnaire should be made in Qualtrics. In the case of A/B testing, a single survey should be created that contains several paths (A and B).
• Add an LTI Item to your lesson in Coursera. The launch url should correspond to the tool endpoint and the consumer key and secret should be defined in the tool's configuration (step 2).

See below for a more detailed guide.

The Qualtrics LTI Bridge tool only depends on PHP. It should work on a standard PHP 5.5+ installation with the following settings:

• Session cookies need to be enabled for callbacks to work (session.use_cookies = 1).

• Session lifetime needs to be longer than it takes a user to complete a Qualtrics survey for callbacks to work (session.cache_expire = value in minutes).

• The web server needs to be configured to allow POST requests on /tool/public/index.php.

Qualtrics provides documentation for reading parameter values from the query string (a GET requests such as this tool provides):

Qualtrics documentation on query string parameters

For example, to retrieve the user id passed by the Tool Consumer in Qualtrics, an embedded data element can be added to the survey flow with the field name user_id.

In order for grading callbacks to work, Qualtrics should read the lis_result_sourcedid from the query string and pass it to this tool's endpoint after completing the survey together with a custom_grade parameter ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. The latter can be done redirecting to http://youruniversity.com/qualtrics-lti-bridge/tool/public/index.php?lis_result_sourcedid=${e://Field/lis_result_sourcedid}&custom_grade=1 on survey termination.

Once a survey has been created in Qualtrics, there are two ways to configure its use in the tool.

1. Open /tool/Config.php and specify the custom_qualtrics_url and custom_survey_id parameters to point to the survey. Disallow url and id overrides to only allow this specific survey to be opened.
2. Open /tool/Config.php and set custom_qualtrics_url to the default url that you use for surveys. custom_survey_id doesn't need to be set. Allow url and id overrides to allow Tool Consumers to specify custom custom_survey_url and custom_survey_id parameters to the tool.

The second way is recommended as it allows for a variety of surveys to be handled with the tool. However, it only works if your Tool Consumer supports sending additional parameters (Coursera does).

For each Tool Consumer or scenario (see external Coursera documentation above for some guidelines) a consumer key and secret should be defined in the tool configuration. You can set these at random.

Another important setting concerns grading callbacks:

Though Qualtrics doesn't give us grading information, we can have it callback this tool after a survey has been completed. It can then pass an identifier and grade that allows us to call the Tool Consumer that was stored in a session variable. Though the communication between this tool and the consumer is OAuth secured, the communication between Qualtrics and this tool is NOT. Therefore, grading may never be fully trusted as anyone with basic knowledge of HTTP requests will be able to spoof his or her own grade.

To enable this type of grading callbacks, which can still be useful if you trust your users, set provideGrading to true.

When adding an LTI Item to a coursera lesson, a few things need to be set:

• The Launch URL should point to this tool's endpoint.
• The Consumer Key should be one defined in this tool's configuration.
• The Consumer Secret should match the secret for the key in this tool's configuration.
• Learner Privacy should optionally be changed such that various extra parameters will be passed to Qualtrics.
• Outcome Callback should be set to yes if you want grading callbacks.
• Depending on your tool configuration, at least the first two custom parameters need to be specified (for example):

1. custom_qualtrics_url = https://youruniversity.qualtrics.com/SE
2. custom_survey_id = SV_7U4egQ3f78yO52B
3. custom_return_url = https://www.coursera.org/learn/your-fabulous-course/gradedLti/.../qualtrics-lti-bridge-quiz (Optional, if you want the user to return to the LTI item after completing the Qualtrics survey. Grading callbacks also work without setting this parameter.)

Note that Coursera automatically prepends custom_ to the parameter name, so make sure to remove it (e.g., use qualtrics_url rather than custom_qualtrics_url.

Currently supported LTI operations are:

• Launch requests passing all provided parameters to Qualtrics.
• Grading callbacks from Qualtrics to the Tool Consumer, provided a security concern (see above).

These are limited by the functionality that Qualtrics provides.