<?php

//phpinfo();

require 'functions.php';

require 'database.php';

// used for single line comments

/*

// Show all information, defaults to INFO_ALL

phpinfo();

// Show just the module information.

// phpinfo(8) yields identical results.

phpinfo(INFO_MODULES);

//must be repeated for multiply line..

/* and are used to delineate a comment block */

/* used once at the beginning

used once at the end*/

// variables

use \absolom\my_stuff\Database;

use \absolom\my_stuff\Foo;

$foo = new Database();

$fooF = new Foo();

$foo->doAwesomeThings();

$fooF->doAwesomeThings();

//$obj = new absolom\my_stuff\Foo();

//$objDb = new absolom\my_stuff\Database();

//echo $obj->doAwesomeThings();

//echo $objDb->doAwesomeThings();

$a = 1;

++$a;

$a *= $a;

echo $a-- . '<br>';

echo 'Welcome to Zend Certication pactice' . '<br>';

$m = 4 % 3;

echo $m . '<br>';

$age = 21;

// Control structures

/* if ( $age < 18) {

echo 'child';

} else {

echo 'adult';

} */

// Tenary operator

/*

Ternary operator logic is the process of using "(condition) ? (true return value) : (false return value)"

statements to shorten your if/else structures.

*/

// $agestr = ($age < 16) ? 'child' : 'adult';

echo ($age < 18 ) ? 'child' : 'adult';

$x = 1;

while ($x <= 18) {

echo "The number is:".$x."<br>";

$x++;

}

$y = 1;

do {

echo "The number is: $y <br>";

$y++;

} while ($y <= 5);

for ($z = 0; $z <= 10; $z++) {

echo "The number is: $z <br>";

}

$colors = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");

$arrlength = count($colors);

for($x = 0; $x < $arrlength; $x++) {

echo $colors[$x];

echo "<br>";

}

//PHP Associative Arrays

$age = array("Peter"=>"35", "Ben"=>"37", "Joe"=>"43");

echo "Peter is " . $age['Peter'] . " years old.";

//Loop Through an Associative Array

foreach ($age as $x => $x_value) {

echo "Key=" . $x . ", Value=" . $x_value;

echo "<br>";

}

//PHP - Multidimensional Arrays

//PHP - Two-dimensional Arrays

$cars = array

(

array("Volvo",22,18),

array("BMW",15,13),

array("Saab",5,2),

array("Land Rover",17,15)

);

$Cararrlength = count($cars);

for ($row = 0; $row < $Cararrlength; $row++) {

echo "<p><b>Row number $row</b></p>";

echo "<ul>";

for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++) {

echo "<li>".$cars[$row][$col]."</li>";

}

echo "</ul>";

}

//echo dirname(__FILE__);

/*

$myfile = fopen("webdictionary.txt", "r") or die("Unable to open file!");

echo fread($myfile,filesize("webdictionary.txt"));

fclose($myfile);

*/

//Create a User Defined Function in PHP

/*

function functionName() {

code to be executed;

}

*/

function writeMsg(){

echo 'Hello world!'.'<br>';

}

writeMsg();

//PHP Function Arguments

function familyName($fname){

echo "$fname Mugwagwa.<br>";

}

familyName('Absolom');

familyName('Makabongwe');

familyName('Alison');

//The following example has a function with two arguments ($fname and $year):

function familyNameYear($fname,$year){

echo "$fname Mugwagwa. Born in $year<br> ";

}

familyNameYear('Absolom','1985');

familyNameYear('Makabongwe','1984');

familyNameYear('Alison','2015');

//PHP Default Argument Value

//The following example shows how to use a default parameter. If we call the function setHeight() without arguments it takes the default value as argument:

function setHeight($minHeight = 50) {

echo "The height is : $minHeight <br>";

}

setHeight(350);

setHeight(250);

setHeight(150);

setHeight(100);

setHeight();

//PHP Functions - Returning values

//To let a function return a value, use the return statement:

function sum($x,$y){

$z = $x + $y;

return $z;

}

echo sum(3,2) . "<br>";

echo sum(5, 10) . "<br>";

echo sum(7, 13) . "<br>";

echo sum(2, 4) . "<br>";

//Classes

class MyClass {

}

$obj = new MyClass();

$obj2 = new MyClass();

echo $obj->getProperty();

echo $obj2->getProperty();

$obj->setProperty("Son! You're close to becoming a developer");

$obj2->setProperty("Son! Welldone!");

echo $obj->getProperty();

echo $obj2->getProperty();

//$myfile = fopen("webdictionary.txt", "r") or die("Unable to open file!");

//echo fread($myfile,filesize("webdictionary.txt"));

//fclose($myfile);

//Using Class Inheritance

class MyOtherClass extends MyClass {

}

$obj3 = new MyOtherClass();

echo $obj3->newMethod();

$obj3->setProperty("Son! this is impressive");

echo $obj3->getProperty();

/**

Reason 1: Ease of Implementation

"While it may be daunting at first, OOP actually provides an easier approach to dealing with data."

While it may be daunting at first, OOP actually provides an easier approach to dealing with data. Because an object can store data internally, variables don't need to be passed from function to function to work properly.

Also, because multiple instances of the same class can exist simultaneously, dealing with large data sets is infinitely easier. For instance, imagine you have two people's information being processed in a file. They need names, occupations, and ages.

The Procedural Approach

Here's the procedural approach to our example:

**/

function changeJob($person, $newjob) {

$person['job'] = $newjob; // Change the person's job

return $person;

}

function happyBirthday($person)

}

$person1 = array(

'name' => 'Tom',

'job' => 'Button-Pusher',

'age' => 34

);

$person2 = array(

'name' => 'John',

'job' => 'Lever-Puller',

'age' => 41

);

// Output the starting values for the people

echo "<pre>Person 1: ", print_r($person1, TRUE), "</pre>";

echo "<pre>Person 2: ", print_r($person2, TRUE), "</pre>";

// Tom got a promotion and had a birthday

$person1 = changeJob($person1, 'Box-Mover');

$person1 = happyBirthday($person1);

// John just had a birthday

$person2 = happyBirthday($person2);

// Output the new values for the people

echo "<pre>Person 1: ", print_r($person1, TRUE), "</pre>";

echo "<pre>Person 2: ", print_r($person2, TRUE), "</pre>";

/**

While this code isn't necessarily bad, there's a lot to keep in mind while coding. The array of the affected person's attributes must be passed and returned from each function call, which leaves margin for error.

To clean up this example, it would be desirable to leave as few things up to the developer as possible. Only absolutely essential information for the current operation should need to be passed to the functions.

This is where OOP steps in and helps you clean things up.

The OOP Approach

Here's the OOP approach to our example:

**/

class Person

}

// Create two new people

$person1 = new Person("Tom", "Button-Pusher", 34);

$person2 = new Person("John", "Lever Puller", 41);

// Output their starting point

echo "<pre>Person 1: ", print_r($person1, TRUE), "</pre>";

echo "<pre>Person 2: ", print_r($person2, TRUE), "</pre>";

// Give Tom a promotion and a birthday

$person1->changeJob("Box-Mover");

$person1->happyBirthday();

// John just gets a year older

$person2->happyBirthday();

// Output the ending values

echo "<pre>Person 1: ", print_r($person1, TRUE), "</pre>";

echo "<pre>Person 2: ", print_r($person2, TRUE), "</pre>";

//passing varibles by reference

//PHP: Pass by reference vs. Pass by value

function pass_by_value($stack) {

array_push($stack, 4, 5);

}

$stack = array(1,2,3);

//array_push($stack, 4, 5);

pass_by_value($stack);

foreach ($stack as $elem) {

print "<br>$elem";

}

/*

The code above prints 1, 2, 3. This is because the array is passed as value.

*/

function pass_by_reference(&$stack) {

array_push($stack, 4, 5);

}

$stacked = array(1,2,3);

//array_push($stack, 4, 5);

pass_by_reference($stacked);

foreach ($stacked as $elem) {

print "<br>$elem";

}

/*

The code above prints 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. This is because the array is passed as reference, meaning that the function (pass_by_reference) doesn't manipulate a copy of the variable passed, but the actual variable itself. In order to make a variable be passed by reference, it must be declared with a preceeding ampersand (&) in the function's declaration.

difference between passing argument through reference (&$) and by $ is that when you pass argument through reference you work on original variable, means if you change it inside your function it's going to be changed outside of it as well, if you pass argument as a copy, function creates copy instance of this variable, and work on this copy, so if you change it in the function it won't be changed outside of it.

*/

define("GREETING","Hello you! How are you today?");

echo constant("GREETING");

define('CONSTANT', 1);

define('_CONSTANT', 1);

define('EMPTY', '');

$a = array(

1 => 'php',

'Hypertext',

'Preprocessor',

'widely used' =>

array(

'general' => 'purpose',

'scripting' => 'language',

'that' => 'was',

'originally' =>

array(

5 => 'designed',

9 => 'for',

'Web development',

4 => 'purpose',

)

)

);

//write code here

echo '<pre>';

print_r($a);

echo '</pre>';

echo $a['widely used']['originally'][10];

$array1 = array ('a' => 20, 30, 35);

$array2 = array ('a' => 20, 35, 30);

$array3 =array_intersect_assoc($array1,$array2);

echo '<pre>';

print_r($array3);

echo '</pre>';

$dom = new DOMDocument();

$dom->load('xml/simple.xml');

$a = $dom->documentElement;

echo '<pre>';

print_r($a);

echo '</pre>';

//echo strtotime("january 1, 1901");

//Php date functions

$today = date('l d-m-y h:i:s');

print $today . '<br>';

//regular expressions

if (preg_match("/ell/", "Hello Wolrd!", $matches)) {

echo "Match was found <br />";

echo $matches[0] . '<br/>';

}

//Nested for loops

for ($x = 1; $x <= 2; $x++) {

for ($y = 1; $y <= 3; $y++) {

if($x == $y)continue;

print("x = $x y = $y");

}

}

//Variable casting

var_dump( (bool) 5.8 );

$x =25;

while($x<10)

{

$x--;

}

print ($x);

//$a = `ls -l`;

//echo $a;

//define('FOO', 10);

//$array = array(10 => FOO,"FOO" => 20);

//echo $array[FOO];

//print $array[$array[FOO]] * $array["FOO"];

function b($a = 4)

}

$a = 10;

b($a);

echo b($a) . '<br>';

echo 0x33, ' birds sit on ', 022, ' trees.' . '<br>';

$xml = simplexml_load_file('xml/simple.xml') or die('Error cannot create object');

print_r($xml);

//Strings

//Heredoc and Nowdoc

$sausage = 'sausage';

$heredocs = <<<MYSTRING

this is is problem

you suck

$sausage

at the same

MYSTRING;

$Nowdoc = <<<'MYSTRINGNOW'

this is is problem

you suck

$sausage

at the same

MYSTRINGNOW;

echo $heredocs . '<br>';

echo $Nowdoc . '<br>';

$myfile = fopen('newfile.txt','w') or die('Unable to open file!');

$txt = "John Doe\n";

fwrite($myfile, $txt);

fclose($myfile);

?>