/**
  * Prepare the query variables.
  *
  * @since 3.1.0
  * @since 4.1.0 Added the ability to order by the `include` value.
  * @since 4.2.0 Added 'meta_value_num' support for `$orderby` parameter. Added multi-dimensional array syntax
  *              for `$orderby` parameter.
  * @since 4.3.0 Added 'has_published_posts' parameter.
  * @since 4.4.0 Added 'paged', 'role__in', and 'role__not_in' parameters. The 'role' parameter was updated to
  *              permit an array or comma-separated list of values. The 'number' parameter was updated to support
  *              querying for all users with using -1.
  *
  * @access public
  *
  * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
  * @global int  $blog_id
  *
  * @param string|array $query {
  *     Optional. Array or string of Query parameters.
  *
  *     @type int          $blog_id             The site ID. Default is the global blog id.
  *     @type string|array $role                An array or a comma-separated list of role names that users must match
  *                                             to be included in results. Note that this is an inclusive list: users
  *                                             must match *each* role. Default empty.
  *     @type array        $role__in            An array of role names. Matched users must have at least one of these
  *                                             roles. Default empty array.
  *     @type array        $role__not_in        An array of role names to exclude. Users matching one or more of these
  *                                             roles will not be included in results. Default empty array.
  *     @type string       $meta_key            User meta key. Default empty.
  *     @type string       $meta_value          User meta value. Default empty.
  *     @type string       $meta_compare        Comparison operator to test the `$meta_value`. Accepts '=', '!=',
  *                                             '>', '>=', '<', '<=', 'LIKE', 'NOT LIKE', 'IN', 'NOT IN',
  *                                             'BETWEEN', 'NOT BETWEEN', 'EXISTS', 'NOT EXISTS', 'REGEXP',
  *                                             'NOT REGEXP', or 'RLIKE'. Default '='.
  *     @type array        $include             An array of user IDs to include. Default empty array.
  *     @type array        $exclude             An array of user IDs to exclude. Default empty array.
  *     @type string       $search              Search keyword. Searches for possible string matches on columns.
  *                                             When `$search_columns` is left empty, it tries to determine which
  *                                             column to search in based on search string. Default empty.
  *     @type array        $search_columns      Array of column names to be searched. Accepts 'ID', 'login',
  *                                             'nicename', 'email', 'url'. Default empty array.
  *     @type string|array $orderby             Field(s) to sort the retrieved users by. May be a single value,
  *                                             an array of values, or a multi-dimensional array with fields as
  *                                             keys and orders ('ASC' or 'DESC') as values. Accepted values are
  *                                             'ID', 'display_name' (or 'name'), 'include', 'user_login'
  *                                             (or 'login'), 'user_nicename' (or 'nicename'), 'user_email'
  *                                             (or 'email'), 'user_url' (or 'url'), 'user_registered'
  *                                             or 'registered'), 'post_count', 'meta_value', 'meta_value_num',
  *                                             the value of `$meta_key`, or an array key of `$meta_query`. To use
  *                                             'meta_value' or 'meta_value_num', `$meta_key` must be also be
  *                                             defined. Default 'user_login'.
  *     @type string       $order               Designates ascending or descending order of users. Order values
  *                                             passed as part of an `$orderby` array take precedence over this
  *                                             parameter. Accepts 'ASC', 'DESC'. Default 'ASC'.
  *     @type int          $offset              Number of users to offset in retrieved results. Can be used in
  *                                             conjunction with pagination. Default 0.
  *     @type int          $number              Number of users to limit the query for. Can be used in
  *                                             conjunction with pagination. Value -1 (all) is supported, but
  *                                             should be used with caution on larger sites.
  *                                             Default empty (all users).
  *     @type int          $paged               When used with number, defines the page of results to return.
  *                                             Default 1.
  *     @type bool         $count_total         Whether to count the total number of users found. If pagination
  *                                             is not needed, setting this to false can improve performance.
  *                                             Default true.
  *     @type string|array $fields              Which fields to return. Single or all fields (string), or array
  *                                             of fields. Accepts 'ID', 'display_name', 'user_login',
  *                                             'user_nicename', 'user_email', 'user_url', 'user_registered'.
  *                                             Use 'all' for all fields and 'all_with_meta' to include
  *                                             meta fields. Default 'all'.
  *     @type string       $who                 Type of users to query. Accepts 'authors'.
  *                                             Default empty (all users).
  *     @type bool|array   $has_published_posts Pass an array of post types to filter results to users who have
  *                                             published posts in those post types. `true` is an alias for all
  *                                             public post types.
  * }
  */
 public function prepare_query($query = array())
 {
     global $wpdb;
     if (empty($this->query_vars) || !empty($query)) {
         $this->query_limit = null;
         $this->query_vars = $this->fill_query_vars($query);
     }
     /**
      * Fires before the WP_User_Query has been parsed.
      *
      * The passed WP_User_Query object contains the query variables, not
      * yet passed into SQL.
      *
      * @since 4.0.0
      *
      * @param WP_User_Query $this The current WP_User_Query instance,
      *                            passed by reference.
      */
     do_action('pre_get_users', $this);
     // Ensure that query vars are filled after 'pre_get_users'.
     $qv =& $this->query_vars;
     $qv = $this->fill_query_vars($qv);
     if (is_array($qv['fields'])) {
         $qv['fields'] = array_unique($qv['fields']);
         $this->query_fields = array();
         foreach ($qv['fields'] as $field) {
             $field = 'ID' === $field ? 'ID' : sanitize_key($field);
             $this->query_fields[] = "{$wpdb->users}.{$field}";
         }
         $this->query_fields = implode(',', $this->query_fields);
     } elseif ('all' == $qv['fields']) {
         $this->query_fields = "{$wpdb->users}.*";
     } else {
         $this->query_fields = "{$wpdb->users}.ID";
     }
     if (isset($qv['count_total']) && $qv['count_total']) {
         $this->query_fields = 'SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS ' . $this->query_fields;
     }
     $this->query_from = "FROM {$wpdb->users}";
     $this->query_where = "WHERE 1=1";
     // Parse and sanitize 'include', for use by 'orderby' as well as 'include' below.
     if (!empty($qv['include'])) {
         $include = wp_parse_id_list($qv['include']);
     } else {
         $include = false;
     }
     $blog_id = 0;
     if (isset($qv['blog_id'])) {
         $blog_id = absint($qv['blog_id']);
     }
     if (isset($qv['who']) && 'authors' == $qv['who'] && $blog_id) {
         $qv['meta_key'] = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix($blog_id) . 'user_level';
         $qv['meta_value'] = 0;
         $qv['meta_compare'] = '!=';
         $qv['blog_id'] = $blog_id = 0;
         // Prevent extra meta query
     }
     if ($qv['has_published_posts'] && $blog_id) {
         if (true === $qv['has_published_posts']) {
             $post_types = get_post_types(array('public' => true));
         } else {
             $post_types = (array) $qv['has_published_posts'];
         }
         foreach ($post_types as &$post_type) {
             $post_type = $wpdb->prepare('%s', $post_type);
         }
         $posts_table = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix($blog_id) . 'posts';
         $this->query_where .= " AND {$wpdb->users}.ID IN ( SELECT DISTINCT {$posts_table}.post_author FROM {$posts_table} WHERE {$posts_table}.post_status = 'publish' AND {$posts_table}.post_type IN ( " . join(", ", $post_types) . " ) )";
     }
     // Meta query.
     $this->meta_query = new WP_Meta_Query();
     $this->meta_query->parse_query_vars($qv);
     $roles = array();
     if (isset($qv['role'])) {
         if (is_array($qv['role'])) {
             $roles = $qv['role'];
         } elseif (is_string($qv['role']) && !empty($qv['role'])) {
             $roles = array_map('trim', explode(',', $qv['role']));
         }
     }
     $role__in = array();
     if (isset($qv['role__in'])) {
         $role__in = (array) $qv['role__in'];
     }
     $role__not_in = array();
     if (isset($qv['role__not_in'])) {
         $role__not_in = (array) $qv['role__not_in'];
     }
     if ($blog_id && (!empty($roles) || !empty($role__in) || !empty($role__not_in) || is_multisite())) {
         $role_queries = array();
         $roles_clauses = array('relation' => 'AND');
         if (!empty($roles)) {
             foreach ($roles as $role) {
                 $roles_clauses[] = array('key' => $wpdb->get_blog_prefix($blog_id) . 'capabilities', 'value' => '"' . $role . '"', 'compare' => 'LIKE');
             }
             $role_queries[] = $roles_clauses;
         }
         $role__in_clauses = array('relation' => 'OR');
         if (!empty($role__in)) {
             foreach ($role__in as $role) {
                 $role__in_clauses[] = array('key' => $wpdb->get_blog_prefix($blog_id) . 'capabilities', 'value' => '"' . $role . '"', 'compare' => 'LIKE');
             }
             $role_queries[] = $role__in_clauses;
         }
         $role__not_in_clauses = array('relation' => 'AND');
         if (!empty($role__not_in)) {
             foreach ($role__not_in as $role) {
                 $role__not_in_clauses[] = array('key' => $wpdb->get_blog_prefix($blog_id) . 'capabilities', 'value' => '"' . $role . '"', 'compare' => 'NOT LIKE');
             }
             $role_queries[] = $role__not_in_clauses;
         }
         // If there are no specific roles named, make sure the user is a member of the site.
         if (empty($role_queries)) {
             $role_queries[] = array('key' => $wpdb->get_blog_prefix($blog_id) . 'capabilities', 'compare' => 'EXISTS');
         }
         // Specify that role queries should be joined with AND.
         $role_queries['relation'] = 'AND';
         if (empty($this->meta_query->queries)) {
             $this->meta_query->queries = $role_queries;
         } else {
             // Append the cap query to the original queries and reparse the query.
             $this->meta_query->queries = array('relation' => 'AND', array($this->meta_query->queries, $role_queries));
         }
         $this->meta_query->parse_query_vars($this->meta_query->queries);
     }
     if (!empty($this->meta_query->queries)) {
         $clauses = $this->meta_query->get_sql('user', $wpdb->users, 'ID', $this);
         $this->query_from .= $clauses['join'];
         $this->query_where .= $clauses['where'];
         if ($this->meta_query->has_or_relation()) {
             $this->query_fields = 'DISTINCT ' . $this->query_fields;
         }
     }
     // sorting
     $qv['order'] = isset($qv['order']) ? strtoupper($qv['order']) : '';
     $order = $this->parse_order($qv['order']);
     if (empty($qv['orderby'])) {
         // Default order is by 'user_login'.
         $ordersby = array('user_login' => $order);
     } elseif (is_array($qv['orderby'])) {
         $ordersby = $qv['orderby'];
     } else {
         // 'orderby' values may be a comma- or space-separated list.
         $ordersby = preg_split('/[,\\s]+/', $qv['orderby']);
     }
     $orderby_array = array();
     foreach ($ordersby as $_key => $_value) {
         if (!$_value) {
             continue;
         }
         if (is_int($_key)) {
             // Integer key means this is a flat array of 'orderby' fields.
             $_orderby = $_value;
             $_order = $order;
         } else {
             // Non-integer key means this the key is the field and the value is ASC/DESC.
             $_orderby = $_key;
             $_order = $_value;
         }
         $parsed = $this->parse_orderby($_orderby);
         if (!$parsed) {
             continue;
         }
         $orderby_array[] = $parsed . ' ' . $this->parse_order($_order);
     }
     // If no valid clauses were found, order by user_login.
     if (empty($orderby_array)) {
         $orderby_array[] = "user_login {$order}";
     }
     $this->query_orderby = 'ORDER BY ' . implode(', ', $orderby_array);
     // limit
     if (isset($qv['number']) && $qv['number'] > 0) {
         if ($qv['offset']) {
             $this->query_limit = $wpdb->prepare("LIMIT %d, %d", $qv['offset'], $qv['number']);
         } else {
             $this->query_limit = $wpdb->prepare("LIMIT %d, %d", $qv['number'] * ($qv['paged'] - 1), $qv['number']);
         }
     }
     $search = '';
     if (isset($qv['search'])) {
         $search = trim($qv['search']);
     }
     if ($search) {
         $leading_wild = ltrim($search, '*') != $search;
         $trailing_wild = rtrim($search, '*') != $search;
         if ($leading_wild && $trailing_wild) {
             $wild = 'both';
         } elseif ($leading_wild) {
             $wild = 'leading';
         } elseif ($trailing_wild) {
             $wild = 'trailing';
         } else {
             $wild = false;
         }
         if ($wild) {
             $search = trim($search, '*');
         }
         $search_columns = array();
         if ($qv['search_columns']) {
             $search_columns = array_intersect($qv['search_columns'], array('ID', 'user_login', 'user_email', 'user_url', 'user_nicename'));
         }
         if (!$search_columns) {
             if (false !== strpos($search, '@')) {
                 $search_columns = array('user_email');
             } elseif (is_numeric($search)) {
                 $search_columns = array('user_login', 'ID');
             } elseif (preg_match('|^https?://|', $search) && !(is_multisite() && wp_is_large_network('users'))) {
                 $search_columns = array('user_url');
             } else {
                 $search_columns = array('user_login', 'user_url', 'user_email', 'user_nicename', 'display_name');
             }
         }
         /**
          * Filter the columns to search in a WP_User_Query search.
          *
          * The default columns depend on the search term, and include 'user_email',
          * 'user_login', 'ID', 'user_url', 'display_name', and 'user_nicename'.
          *
          * @since 3.6.0
          *
          * @param array         $search_columns Array of column names to be searched.
          * @param string        $search         Text being searched.
          * @param WP_User_Query $this           The current WP_User_Query instance.
          */
         $search_columns = apply_filters('user_search_columns', $search_columns, $search, $this);
         $this->query_where .= $this->get_search_sql($search, $search_columns, $wild);
     }
     if (!empty($include)) {
         // Sanitized earlier.
         $ids = implode(',', $include);
         $this->query_where .= " AND {$wpdb->users}.ID IN ({$ids})";
     } elseif (!empty($qv['exclude'])) {
         $ids = implode(',', wp_parse_id_list($qv['exclude']));
         $this->query_where .= " AND {$wpdb->users}.ID NOT IN ({$ids})";
     }
     // Date queries are allowed for the user_registered field.
     if (!empty($qv['date_query']) && is_array($qv['date_query'])) {
         $date_query = new WP_Date_Query($qv['date_query'], 'user_registered');
         $this->query_where .= $date_query->get_sql();
     }
     /**
      * Fires after the WP_User_Query has been parsed, and before
      * the query is executed.
      *
      * The passed WP_User_Query object contains SQL parts formed
      * from parsing the given query.
      *
      * @since 3.1.0
      *
      * @param WP_User_Query $this The current WP_User_Query instance,
      *                            passed by reference.
      */
     do_action_ref_array('pre_user_query', array(&$this));
 }
 /**
  * @group 32592
  */
 public function test_has_or_relation_should_return_true_for_nested_or()
 {
     $q = new WP_Meta_Query(array('relation' => 'AND', array('key' => 'foo', 'value' => 'bar'), array('relation' => 'OR', array('key' => 'foo1', 'value' => 'bar'), array('key' => 'foo2', 'value' => 'bar'))));
     $this->assertTrue($q->has_or_relation());
 }